“ORTHOGONAL Products”

Products are produced by multiplying cells in vertical columns with cells in horizontal rows.

ODD Last Digits x ODD Last Digits and ODD Last Digits x EVEN Last Digits

Whether ODD or EVEN, Factors or Products, results are in an ORTHOGONAL arrangement.

EVEN x EVEN Last Digits and EVEN x ODD Last Digits

An example for Factor 5 and Factor 10 – in a “Number PLANE” as one of the new concepts liberating numbers from the “Number LINE”:

The Orthogonal Nature of Factor 5 and Factor 10 Products